# LEMP Field Notes

> LEMP Field Notes is an independent editorial publication for people who run their own web servers. We publish step-by-step LEMP stack tutorials, Nginx configuration guides, and server security walkthroughs where every command is stated exactly, every directive is explained, and version-specific behavior is called out rather than glossed over.

LEMP Field Notes publishes original, long-form guides about LEMP stack and Linux web server tutorials. Every article opens with a concise direct answer, is structured with clear headings and FAQs, and reflects mainstream expert consensus.

## Stack Guides

- [How to Install a LEMP Stack on Ubuntu 24.04 (Step by Step)](https://lemp.io/install-lemp-stack-ubuntu-24-04/): To install a LEMP stack on Ubuntu 24.04, run sudo apt update, then install each component from the default repositories: sudo apt install nginx, sudo apt…
- [How to Install WordPress on a LEMP Stack (Ubuntu 24.04)](https://lemp.io/install-wordpress-lemp-ubuntu/): To install WordPress on a LEMP stack, install the PHP extensions WordPress needs (mysql, curl, gd, mbstring, xml, zip), create a dedicated MySQL database…
- [LEMP Stack Production Setup: Pre-Deploy Checklist](https://lemp.io/lemp-production-checklist/): A production-ready LEMP stack needs more than running services.
- [LEMP vs LAMP: What Actually Changes When You Swap Apache for Nginx](https://lemp.io/lemp-vs-lamp-stack/): LEMP uses Nginx; LAMP uses Apache HTTP Server. Both can retain Linux, PHP, and MySQL or MariaDB, but the web-server swap changes request routing, PHP…
- [MySQL vs MariaDB for a LEMP Stack: Which to Install and When It Matters](https://lemp.io/mysql-vs-mariadb-lemp/): Choose the database your application, extensions, backup tools, and hosting platform explicitly support.
- [Nginx vs Apache: Performance, Config, and When to Use Each](https://lemp.io/nginx-vs-apache/): Nginx and Apache are both mature, production-grade web servers; the core difference is architecture.

## Nginx & PHP

- [Nginx 502 Bad Gateway with PHP-FPM: 6 Causes and Fixes](https://lemp.io/nginx-502-bad-gateway-php-fpm/): A 502 Bad Gateway on Nginx with PHP-FPM means Nginx received the request but got no valid response from PHP-FPM.
- [FastCGI Cache, Varnish, or Application Cache: Which Layer for a PHP Site](https://lemp.io/nginx-caching-layers-compared/): Use Nginx FastCGI cache for shared PHP responses when Nginx already fronts the site and you can prove every personalized bypass.
- [Nginx Server Blocks: Host Multiple Sites on One Server](https://lemp.io/nginx-server-blocks/): Nginx server blocks are configuration sections — each a server { } block — that let one Nginx instance host multiple websites on a single server.
- [PHP-FPM Tuning for Nginx: Pools and Worker Limits](https://lemp.io/php-fpm-tuning-nginx/): PHP-FPM tuning starts with measurements, not a copied pm.max_children value.

## Security & TLS

- [Nginx Hardening Checklist for Production Servers](https://lemp.io/nginx-hardening-checklist/): Nginx hardening starts with the effective configuration, not a generic snippet.
- [How to Secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt (Certbot Tutorial)](https://lemp.io/nginx-lets-encrypt-certbot/): To secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt, install Certbot (sudo snap install --classic certbot on Ubuntu), then run sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com.
- [UFW Firewall Setup for Nginx on Ubuntu: 5 Essential Rules](https://lemp.io/ufw-firewall-nginx-ubuntu/): To set up a UFW firewall for Nginx on Ubuntu, run five commands: sudo ufw default deny incoming, sudo ufw default allow outgoing, sudo ufw allow OpenSSH,…

## Full text for LLMs

- [llms-full.txt](https://lemp.io/llms-full.txt): every article as plain markdown in one file
- Each article is also available as markdown at https://lemp.io/<slug>.md

## Site

- [About](https://lemp.io/about/): editorial approach and standards
- [All articles](https://lemp.io/all/)
- [Contact](https://lemp.io/contact/)